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呵呵~~~~~是不是天使艾米丽啊？ 中文片名
天使爱美丽 天使艾美丽
外文片名
Amelie from Montmartre
更多中文片名
天使艾米莉
艾蜜莉的异想世界
艾蜜丽
阿梅丽的奇妙命运
票房成绩
全美首映票房：$136,470.00 (单位:美元)
全美累计票房：$32,680,816.00 (单位:美元)
海外累计票房：$120,300,000.00 (单位:美元)
版权所有
Victoires Proction - Tapioca Films - France 3 Cinéma
[编辑本段]演职员表
导演
让-皮埃尔·热内 Jean-Pierre Jeunet
编剧
Guillaume Laurant .....story &
让-皮埃尔·热内 Jean-Pierre Jeunet .....scenario
Guillaume Laurant .....(screenplay)
演员
奥黛丽·塔图 Audrey Tautou .....Amélie Poulain
马修·卡索维茨 Mathieu Kassovitz .....Nino Quincampoix
Rufus .....Raphaël Poulain
Lorella Cravotta .....Amandine Poulain
Serge Merlin .....Raymond Dufayel
加梅勒·杜布兹 Jamel Debbouze .....Lucien
Clotilde Mollet .....Gina
Claire Maurier .....Suzanne
Isabelle Nanty .....Georgette
多米尼克·皮诺 Dominique Pinon .....Joseph
Artus de Penguern .....Hipolito
友兰达·梦露 Yolande Moreau .....Madeleine Wallace
Urn Cancelier .....Collignon
Maurice Bénichou .....Dominique Bretodeau
米切尔·罗宾 Michel Robin .....Mr. Collignon
Andrée Damant .....Mrs. Collignon
Claude Perron .....Eva
Armelle .....Philomène
Ticky Holgado .....Man in photo (who describes Amelie to Nino)
Kevin Fernandes .....Bretodeau as a Child
Flora Guiet .....Amélie (6 Years Old)
Amaury Babault .....Nino (As a Child)
安德烈·杜索里埃 André Dussollier .....Narrator/Récitant (voice)
Eugène Berthier .....Eugène Koler
Marion Pressburger .....Credits Helper
Charles-Roger Bour .....The Urinal Man
Luc Palun .....Amandine's Grocer
Fabienne Chaudat .....Woman in Coma
Dominique Bettenfeld .....The Screaming Neighbor
Jacques Viala .....The Customer Who Humiliates His Friend
Fabien Béhar .....The Humiliated Customer
Jonathan Joss .....The Humiliated Customer's Son
Jean-Pierre Becker .....The Bum
Jean Darie .....The Blind Man
Thierry Gibault .....The Endive Client
François Bercovici .....His Buddy
Franck Monier .....Dominique Bredoteau Kid
Guillaume Viry .....The Vagrant
Valérie Zarrouk .....Dominique Bredoteau Woman
Marie-Laure Descoureaux .....The Dead Man's Concierge
Sophie Tellier .....Aunt Josette
Gérald Weingand .....The Teacher
François Viaur .....The Bar Owner
Paule Daré .....His Employee
Marc Amyot .....The Stranger
Myriam Labbé .....The Tobacco Buyer
Jean Rupert .....Nasal operation man
Frankie Pain .....The Newsstand Woman (as Franckie Pain)
Julianna Kovacs .....Grocer's Client
Philippe Paimblanc .....Train Ticket Taker
Mady Malroux .....One of the Twins
Monette Malroux .....One of the Twins
Robert Gendreu .....Cafe Patron
Valériane de Villeneuve .....The Laughing Woman
Isis Peyrade .....Samantha
Raymonde Heudeline .....Phantom Train Customer
Christiane Bopp .....Woman by the Merry-Go-Round
Thierry Arfeuillères .....Statue Man
Jerry Lucas .....The Sacré-Coeur Boy
Patrick Paroux .....The Street Prompter
François Aubineau .....The Concierge's Postman
Philippe Beautier .....Poulain's Postman
Karine Asure .....Pretty Girl at Appointment
Régis Iacono .....Félix L'Herbier
Franck-Olivier Bonnet .....Palace Video (voice)
Alain Floret .....The Concierge's Husband (voice)
Jean-Pol Brissart .....The Postman (voice)
Frédéric Mitterrand .....Himself (voice)
Dean Baykan .....(uncredited)
Clément Chebli .....(uncredited)
Rudy Galindo .....Himself (archive footage) (uncredited)
Sam 'Peg Leg' Jackson .....Himself (archive footage) (uncredited)
Valérie Labro .....(uncredited)
Jean-Michel Larqué .....Himself (voice) (archive footage) (uncredited)
Manoush .....Nymphomaniac woman (uncredited)
Thierry Roland .....Himself (voice) (archive footage) (uncredited)
Sister Rosetta Tharpe .....Herself (archive footage) (uncredited)
Jacques Thébault .....Voice-Over (voice) (uncredited)
制作人
Helmut Breuer .....co-procer
Jean-Marc Deschamps .....procer
Arne Meerkamp van Embden .....procer: Germany
Claudie Ossard .....executive procer
Claudie Ossard .....procer
[编辑本段]制作发行
摄影机
Technovision Cameras, Zeiss Ultra Prime Lenses
洗印厂
Laboratoires éclair, Paris, France
摄制格式
35 mm (Kodak Vision 320T 5277 and Vision 250D 5246)
制作处理方法
Digital Intermediate (master format)
Super 35 (source format)
洗印格式
35 mm (anamorphic)
胶片长度
3455 m (Spain)
幅面
35毫米胶片变形宽银幕
制作公司
Victoires Proctions [法国]
Tapioca Films [法国]
France 3 Cinéma [法国]
MMC Independent GmbH [德国]
发行公司
UGC-Fox Distribution (UFD) [法国] ..... (2001) (France) (theatrical)
TF1 Vidéo [法国] ..... (2002) (France) (DVD)
Albatros Film [日本] ..... (2001) (Japan) (theatrical)
BIM Distribuzione [意大利] ..... (2001) (Italy) (theatrical)
博伟国际 Buena Vista International [阿根廷] ..... (2002) (Argentina) (theatrical)
Dendy Films [澳大利亚] ..... (Australia)
Filmcoopi Zürich [瑞士] ..... (2001) (Switzerland) (theatrical)
Filmladen [奥地利] ..... (2001) (Austria) (theatrical)
Gativideo [阿根廷] ..... (Argentina) (DVD)
Imagem Filmes [巴西] ..... (2002) (Brazil) (DVD)
Lumière [巴西] ..... (2002) (Brazil) (theatrical)
米拉麦克斯影业公司 Miramax Films [美国] ..... (2001) (USA) (all media) (subtitled)
Miramax Zoë [美国] ..... (2001) (USA) (theatrical) (subtitled)
Momentum Pictures [英国] ..... (2001) (UK) (all media)
Paradiso Home Entertainment [荷兰] ..... (Netherlands)
Prokino Filmverleih [德国] ..... (2001) (Germany) (theatrical)
TVA International [加拿大] ..... (2001) (Canada) (theatrical)
Triangelfilm [瑞典] ..... (2001) (Sweden) (theatrical)
Universal Pictures Germany [德国] ..... (2006) (Germany) (DVD)
Vértigo Films S.L. [西班牙] ..... (2001) (Spain) (theatrical)
特技制作公司
Duboi [法国]
其它公司
Onkel Tuca FilmDecor [德国] ..... set construction: Cologne
Virgin France [法国] ..... soundtrack
上映日期
比利时
Belgium
2001年4月25日
法国
France
2001年4月25日
瑞士
Switzerland
2001年4月25日 ..... (French speaking region)
捷克
Czech Republic
2001年7月6日 ..... (Karlovy Vary Film Festival)
瑞士
Switzerland
2001年7月26日 ..... (German speaking region)
英国
UK
2001年8月12日 ..... (Edinburgh Film Festival)
德国
Germany
2001年8月16日
南斯拉夫
Yugoslavia
2001年8月24日
加拿大
Canada
2001年9月7日 ..... (Québec)
加拿大
Canada
2001年9月10日 ..... (Toronto Film Festival)
荷兰
Netherlands
2001年9月13日 ..... (Film by the Sea Film Festival)
捷克
Czech Republic
2001年9月20日
[编辑本段]剧情介绍
法国女孩爱美丽·布兰从来就没有享受过家庭的温暖，她的童年是在孤单与寂寞中度过的。父亲是一名医生，他几乎不拥抱爱美丽，除了给她做医疗检查之外，这样难得的接触让爱美丽心跳加速，于是父亲认定她有心脏病，不适合去学校，只能在家中学习。孤独的她只能任由想象力无拘无束地驰骋来打发日子，自己去发掘生活的趣味，比如到河边扔漂石块，把草莓套在十个指头上慢慢地嘬等等。唯一的朋友是一条金鱼，而连它都郁闷到想要自杀——不停跳出鱼缸 。母亲受不了她的尖声惊叫，决定把鱼放归到河中。一次爱美丽被邻居捉弄，她在他看足球赛时报复他——用个收音机听着，每到进球的关键时刻拔掉天线，如此反复。八岁时，母亲被跳楼的游客砸死，神经质的父亲更加自闭，沉醉在自己的世界里。
长大后的爱美丽在巴黎的一家咖啡馆里做女侍应，在咖啡馆和她租住的小公寓的每一个人似乎都有些奇怪。爱美丽每周末搭地铁会去看父亲。在地铁站她邂逅了趴在地上够自助照相机柜下的碎照片的男人。
1997年夏天的一个事件改变了艾米莉的人生。那天新闻播报戴安娜王妃在一场车祸中身亡，而爱美丽手中的瓶盖掉到地上，撞上一块墙砖。爱美丽从里面掏出一只铁盒，装满了小男孩所钟爱的小玩物和许多照片。爱美丽于是决定要是能找到盒子的主人——半个世纪前这个公寓的房客，她就开始帮助所有的人。爱美丽开始寻找曾经的小男孩，她拜访并见识了各种各样的邻居，几乎走访了巴黎城中所有的“白度图”，最终在玻璃人老头的帮助下将盒子还回了主人。从此她开始了惩恶助善的天使生涯 。路上的盲人，二十年不出门的玻璃人老头，遭到丈夫背叛的女房东，悭吝凶恶的果蔬摊主，善良木讷的伙计， 咖啡店古怪的客人和卖烟女，还有自己的父亲。
无意中她捡到了收集照片男的一本相册集，里面是重新整合的碎照片。爱美丽知道这个就是自己想要的男人，也许自从看到他的第一眼就知道。她开始向她心中的爱人“施魔法”……
[编辑本段]精彩评论
·She'll change your life.
·Shiawase ni naru[Japan]
儒内以敏锐的洞察力捕捉到了一些富有意味、优美的时刻，那些发自真实生活但又被赋予了浪漫诗意的细节使整部影片细致动人，具有强烈的感染力。影片比他过去的作品更加温情，更加细腻了。
这部影片也是儒内以最佳方式传达出了无尽的乡愁，对孩提时代的巴黎、梦想中的巴黎的眷恋。
这其实不是一部完全快乐的电影，它饱含着忧郁哀伤和苦乐参半的情调。它描写了一群孤独的人，他们在交流沟通上困难重重，生活破碎不堪，充满了挫败感。在其浓郁的幻想色彩和奇妙的想象力之下，是对现实生活和苦乐人生的透视与观照。儒内镜头中的巴黎虽然是理想化的，但仍然有其现实色彩。阿梅丽或许是理想化、风格化的人物，但她的每一部分正来自于日常生活中的每个平凡人，她就在我们身边。
儒内将法国诗意电影的传统与个人风格完美地统一起来，我们仍然可以从影片中找到儒内式的黑色幽默和古怪创意，但我们也能够发现普列维、卡尔内等老一辈导演的影子。
可以说，儒内凭借这部影片成功地东山再起。影片在法国上映后，掀起了一波观看热潮。放映六周创下了$2800多万的票房佳绩，虽然和好莱坞的大片相比，这个成绩不算什么，但对于法国本土电影来说，已属不易。
有意思的是，对于这部电影，人们的看法几乎走向了两极。喜欢者疯狂地迷恋，而讨厌者则毫不客气地鞭笞。如爱丁堡电影节的艺术指导将此片选为开幕电影：“我再也找不到比它更欢快的影片来开幕，找不到更好的作品为以下的两个星期定下基调了。”
[编辑本段]幕后制作
本片是一个现代灰姑娘的童话，它镜头底下的巴黎跟歌舞片《琪琪》或《花都舞影》一样，都是比明信片更加明媚的世外桃源。诡异的魅力、丰富的想像、梦幻色的幽默是它的特长，把少女的悸动和憧憬化成一幕幕迷人的画卷。
这部精灵古怪、充满了奇幻想象力的影片是法国电影怪杰让-皮埃尔·儒内的最新手笔。儒内早年凭借一系列颇有特色的短片确定了自己的电影风格，他偏爱于那些非同寻常、甚至带有卡通色彩的人物形象和超常规的摄影角度。
他与另一位怪才马克·卡罗惺惺相惜，自80年代合作拍摄广告、音乐录影带和短片，并以这些作品拥有了鲜明的个性标记：天才的视觉创造力和浓郁的黑色幽默感。
1990年，他们合作编导的《黑店狂想曲》（Delicatessen）赢得了巨大的成功，奇谲诡异的想象力和黑色幽默、童话般的情节以及新颖独特的视觉效果获得了叫好声一片。影片得奖无数，并成为了文化潮流和时尚话题。他们也因此成为法国影坛最亮眼的新星。虽然被寄予很高期待的《失婴城》（The City of Lost Children）让评论界大失所望，但观众仍然给以极大的热情。
这两部电影的成功引起了好莱坞的注意，于是这对金牌搭档分头出击，儒内接受好莱坞的邀请，拍摄了《异形4》（Alien 4）。尽管影片是由儒内单独执导，但卡罗仍然以指导的身份参与了制作。可是这部作品并没有取得预期的效果，实在只算是一部十分平庸的科幻片。在好莱坞的电影工业机制中，儒内的才华难以得到充分发挥和体现。
儒内似乎也意识到这一点，他此后一直没有接片，而是埋头为自己的新片作准备，再度回到了个人化电影的道路上。一般认为，在他与卡罗的搭档中，卡罗更擅长于画面效果的制造，而儒内则偏重于演员的指导调控和人物形象的塑造。而这次他选择了“阿梅丽·布兰”这样一个角色作为影片的中心无疑正发挥了所长。
儒内为这部电影作了充分的前期工作，尤其是非常注重片中一些微小不起眼但极具感染力的细节的处理，那些妙趣横生的细节都是源自他自己以及所收集的一些真实生活的趣事，是几年来悉心观察记录的结果。
女主演奥德丽·多杜是法国电影界的一颗新星。1999年她出演的《维纳斯美容院》（Venus Beaute Institut）是法国当年极受好评的一部轻喜剧，获得了当年恺撒奖最佳影片。而多杜在其中扮演年轻的美容师玛丽，和一位六十岁的前任飞行员堕入了爱河，她的表演赢来了恺撒最有前途新人奖。而后2000年，她又与樊尚·佩雷、芳妮·阿尔丹（Fanny Ardant）两位大明星共同主演了喜剧片《浪荡儿》（Le Libertin），进一步得到关注。
影片男主演马修·卡索维茨来头也不小。他当导演的名气恐怕比当演员更大。他执导的《怒火青春》（La Haine）摘取了戛纳电影节最佳导演奖，而去年法国的本土卖座大片《赤色追辑令》（Les Rivières pourpres）也是他的手笔。作为演员，我们则可以在《善意的谎言》（Jakob the Liar）、《第五元素》等影片中看到他的身影。
[编辑本段]精彩花絮
·爱美丽的角色原定是给爱米莉·沃森。她很想扮演这个角色但还是拒绝了，因为她不会说法语，而且已经答应了出演高斯福特庄园Gosford Park (2001)。
·导演标签：（让-皮埃尔·热内）（男演员）多米尼克·平侬。
·外景拍摄时，无论在什么时候，让-皮埃尔·热内和他的工作队都会把整个场地清理得干干净净，不留下任何碎片、尘垢或者垃圾。这样就能让影片更加符合他幻想的风格。然而，在大型火车站拍摄的过程中，这项工作就开始变得艰巨无比。
·照相亭的相片来自一本真实的相片集子，由导演让-皮埃尔·热内的一个朋友提供。他的名字出现在片尾字幕上，即马歇尔·弗尔科（Michel Folco）。
·导演标签：（让-皮埃尔·热内）（孤儿们）爱美丽的母亲去世。孤儿本来应该是指丧失了父母双亲。影片中爱美丽的父亲还活着，她不能视作是孤儿。然而，让-皮埃尔·热内经常把孩子描述成孤儿，遭遇丧失一个或双亲。
·让-皮埃尔·热内从1974年就开始这个剧本中的故事和回忆的搜集。
·爱美丽房间里的艺术作品（打着领带的狗，白色的鸟）和她的鳄鱼想象的朋友，是由画家米歇尔·索瓦创作的。
·爱美丽在电影院时有两部电影。当她回头看后面的脸时，我们可以看到《朱尔和吉姆》Jules et Jim（1962）中的两个场景。当她对电影中那些开车的同时不看路的人发表评论的时候，放映的是一部更老的电影，是《父亲的微薄红利》Father's Little Dividend（1951）。
·影片的主色调（绿、蓝、红），是从巴西画家Juarez Machado的油画中得到的灵感。
·主角：爱美丽工作过的咖啡馆真实存在，就在法国巴黎，原先它只是一个有情调、有特色的地方咖啡馆，现在它出名了。墙上贴了一张主角：爱美丽——奥戴丽·塔图的签名照片。每天有从世界各地的游客来参观。
·女主角：爱美丽与男主角有过一段插曲的公园，其中那个雕塑人不知道您注意了没？如果去法国旅游，你也能去哪遇到这样的雕塑人，他们是行为艺术家。
[编辑本段]精彩对白
经典台词：
如果没有你，我的良辰美景将向何人诉说！
[first lines] （第一段台词）
Narrator: On September 3rd 1973, at 6:28pm and 32 seconds, a bluebottle fly capable of 14,670 wing beats a minute landed on Rue St Vincent, Montmartre. At the same moment, on a restaurant terrace nearby, the wind magically made two glasses dance unseen on a tablecloth. Meanwhile, in a 5th-floor flat, 28 Avenue Trudaine, Paris 9, returning from his best friend's funeral, Eugène Colère erased his name from his address book. At the same moment, a sperm with one X chromosome, belonging to Raphaël Poulain, made a dash for an egg in his wife Amandine. Nine months later, Amélie Poulain was born.
画外音：在1973年9月3日下午6点28分32秒，一只青蝇以每分钟能够扇动14,670次的频率降落到蒙马特的Rue St-Vincent。与此同时，在一家餐馆楼梯的旁边，风神奇般的让两个杯子在一块桌布上跳舞。就在这时，28 Avenue Trudaine, Paris 9的一栋五层公寓内，刚从最好的朋友的葬礼回来，尤吉尼·柯里热从自己的地址簿上把他的名字擦去。还是在这个时候，属于拉斐尔·波兰的一个精子，带着一个X染色体，一头扎进了她的妻子阿曼迪妮的一个卵子。九个月之后，爱美丽·波兰出世了。
[last lines] （最后的台词）
Narrator: September 28th, 1997. It is exactly 11am. At the funfair, near the ghost train, the marshmallow twister is twisting. Meanwhile, on a bench in Villette Square, Félix Lerbier learns there are more links in his brain than atoms in the universe. Meanwhile, at the Sacré Coeur, the nuns are practising their backhand. The temperature is 24°C, humidity 70%, atmospheric pressure 990 millibars.
画外音：1997年9月28日。确切时间是上午11点。游艺集市上，就在幽灵车旁边，果浆软糖搅拌机正在搅拌。同时，在Villette公园的长凳上，费力克斯·热比尔知道了在他的大脑中有比宇宙原子还多的连接。同时，在巴黎圣心大教堂修女们正在练习用左手打乒乓球。温度是24°C，湿度70%，大气压990毫巴。
Amélie: [whispering in theater] I like to look for things no one else catches. I hate the way drivers never look at the road in old movies.
爱美丽：（在电影院低语）我喜欢寻找没有人在意的事情。我讨厌老电影里那些开车从来不看路的人。
Hipolito, The Writer: Without you, today's emotions would be the scurf of yesterday's.
希柏里多，作者：要是没有你，今天的心情只是昨天的头皮屑。
Narrator: Amélie still seeks solitude. She amuses herself with silly questions about the world below, such as "How many people are having an orgasm right now?"
画外音：爱美丽一直在寻求孤独。她用一些关于世界底下的傻问题来娱乐自己，比如说“此时有多少人拥有高潮？”
Amélie: Fifteen.
爱美丽：15。
Narrator: Amelie has one friend, Blubber. Alas the home environment has made Blubber suicidal.
[Pet fish leaps out of fish bowl in an attempt at suicide]
画外音：爱美丽有一个朋友，巴波。忧郁的家庭氛围导致了巴波的自杀。
（为了试图自杀，鱼缸里的金鱼跳了出来）
Amélie Poulain: At least you'll never be a vegetable - even artichokes have hearts.
爱美丽：至少你永远也不会是一棵蔬菜——甚至朝鲜蓟也有心脏。
Amélie: [to her father, who is not paying attention] I had two heart attacks, an abortion, did crack... while I was pregnant. Other than that, I'm fine.
爱美丽：（对着她父亲，他并没有在意）我有两次心脏病，一次流产，真的破裂…当我怀孕的时候。除了那个，我很好。
[Amélie hands a begger some money] （爱美丽给一个乞丐一些钱）
Beggar: Sorry madam, I don't work on Sundays.
乞丐：对不起，女士，星期天我不工作。
[编辑本段]穿帮镜头
·显示错误：一些在公园的过路人看着摄影机和工作人员。有个小女孩甚至向摄影机挥手。
·连贯性：当多米尼克在酒吧和艾米莉说话的时候，她杯中的酒量。
·连贯性：当尼诺在餐馆，并且艾米莉在杯子上写字，字“d”和“”反复变化了好几次。
·事实错误：当尼诺还是个小孩在学校的时候，黑板上显示的是“vendredi 7 April 1980”。1980年4月7日是星期一，而不是星期五。
·工作人员或设备可见：就在艾米莉看着公园的照相机，可以在艾米莉的太阳镜中，看到摄影机和工作人员的一条腿。
·连贯性：从刚开始的公园场景到结尾，太阳的角度变化十分明显。
·连贯性：当尼诺开始亲吻艾米莉（就在她吻了他三次之后），他的头是歪向右边的。在接下来的镜头中，他的头则是歪向左边的。（113分29秒至113分42秒）
·连贯性：就在尼诺按了她家的门铃之后，艾米莉袖子上的面粉消失了。（110分14秒至110分52秒）
·连贯性：艾米莉帮助盲人去底下铁道车站之后，我们看见他正在往一堆意大利面上擦奶酪。回来之后我们看到意大利面平整地留在碗里面，奶酪磨碎机已经转动了90度。
[编辑本段]背景音乐
《 以下是这部电影原声碟的曲目列表
1. J 'y Suis Jamais Alle
2. Les Jours Tristes (instrumental)
3. La Valse D 'Amelie
4. Comtine D 'un Autre Ete: L 'apres Midi
5. La Noyee
6. L 'autre Valse D 'Amelie
7. Guilty
8. A Quai
9. Le Moulin
10. Pas Si Simple
11. La Valse D 'Amelie (orchestra version)
12. La Valse Des Vieux Os
13. La Dispute
14. Si Tu N 'etais Pas La
15. Soir De Fete
16. La Redecouverte
17. Sur Le Fil
18. Le Banquet
19. La Valse D 'Amelie (piano version)
20. LaValse Des Monstres

『贰』 电影《少林足球》的英语介绍

给你找到三个英文剧情 看看吧
1.After a fateful mistake costing his career, an ex-soccer player bum meets a shaolin kung fu student trying to spread the word of kung fu. The ex-soccer player helps reconcile with his five brothers, and teaches them soccer, adding shaolin kung fu as a twist.

2.A shaolin kung-fu practitioner is seeking a way to spread the word about his chosen art. He meets a down-on-his-luck lame ex-football player who trains him and his five brothers to play football. They form a team, and are soon entered in a prestigious tournament with a 1 million dollar prize.

3.Sing is a skilled Shaolin kung fu devotee whose amazing "leg of steel" catches the eye of a soccer coach. Together they assemble a squad of Sing's former Shaolin brothers inspired by the big-money prize in a national soccer competition. Using an unlikely mix of martial arts and newfound soccer skills, it seems an unbeatable combination until they must face the dreaded Team Evil in the ultimate battle for the title.

『叁』 口语介绍一部电影或演员

“Forrest Gump” is a definitive American movie. In its dialogues, humorous wits are shined by the teeth and flipped(轻弹；弹投) through tongues, especially from Forrest, who is with a marginal IQ, but leads a very charmed life. Rhetoric, as the main carrier of language, is very important in humors’ designs in “Forrest Gump”. In this movie, much main rhetoric is used in the dialogues, like anti-climax, comparison, hyperbole(夸张法), pun, transfer and irony, which carry millions of Forrest Gump’s style humors to us. In the following, the article will discuss how humors are represented through applications of other rhetoric in the dialogue of “Forrest Gump”.

marginal: Barely within a lower standard or limit of quality.
rhetoric: The art or study of using language effectively and persuasively.

1. Anticlimax and humor

In “American Traditional Dictionary”, anticlimax is defined as “A sudden descent in speaking or writing from the impressive or significant to the ludicrous or inconsequential, or an instance of it”. Anticlimax is a most popular carrier of humor in movies, because it is easy to be understood by the audiences and effectively brings them surprises and humors. In “Forrest Gump”, Forrest always uses anticlimax to catch audiences’ attention and interesting, and then he “fools” them with unexpected ends. Forrest is not only a stupid with a small IQ, but a master of language with great humor and wit. He fools people, who treat him as a fool.

Example 1

Forrest: Now the really good thing about meeting the President of the United States is the food.

Here is a classic anticlimax humor. In the dialogue, Forrest uses some descriptive words, “ really”, “of the United States”, to show us what a good thing he will share with us.

In front of the word of “good”, he adds emphasized word- “really”, which makes us believe that the thing he will mention is absolutely good for Forrest.

Meanwhile, in common people’s opinion, President is a big guy in the country. Especially when it is formally modified by “of the United States”, it is naturally to tell people “Attention, please. Ladies and Gentlemen. There must be something very, very important to be said by Forrest”. So we focus our attentions on what Forrest will say in the following. But for our surprise, the answer is “the food”. It is absolutely out of our expectation, and forms an anticlimax humor.

modify: 修饰，限制；更改，修改

The same type of dialogue by Forrest appears again in this movie. In Vietnam, Forrest says, “The good thing about Vietnam is there was always some place to go”.

As we all know, Vietnam is a nightmare for most Americans, which affects almost one generation. It hurts Americans much, so that many Americans are afraid to mention it, even today. But in Forrest’s opinion, there is a good thing about Vietnam, which puzzles us and pushes us to the curiousness, “what does he consider as the good thing in the Vietnam – the American heart-broken land. The end is simple and with some kind of stupid, which makes us feel humorous.

Example 2

Bubba: …… My given name is Benjamin Beauford Blue. People call me Bubba, ……

Forrest: My name’s Forrest Gump. People call me Forrest Gump.

This is dialogue between Bubba and Forrest in their first meeting. As conventions, they should introce themselves. For Bubba, he has a very long formal name (I think the screenwriter designs this long name deliberately). So it is certainly shortened by people in daily life, and it is also easily accepted by us. After hearing Bubba’s introction, we may have thought Forrest would use his famous introction to shine himself- “ My name’s Forrest. Forrest Gump. But the screenwriter(剧作家) escapes from the conventional pattern. He thinks the answer as a real low-IQ, “ Bubba said the complete name firstly and then told me the shorten name. I shall answer it in the same form, which will be polite.” So in the movie, Forrest firstly introces his whole name – Forrest Gump. And then he shall tell us the name, which people call him formally. We also eagerly want to know, “How do people call Forrest Gump? Is it ‘Forrest’ or else?” But even Forrest himself doesn’t know it. After hard-thinking, he tells Bubba the exact same one, which make us funny.

Example 3

Forrest: Now because I’d been a football star and a war hero and a national celebrity and shrimping boat captain and a college graate, the city of Greenbow, Alabama decided to get together and offered me a fine job. ……

Forrest succeeds finally. He is a football star so that he is an idol（偶像） of Americans, who are crazy about the American football. He survives from Vietnam with a medal so that he wins fames in the political society. He can play ping-pong like a maniac, and visits China as one member of the All-American Ping Pong Team, which is the first American social group comes to China after 1949 and carrying famous Ping Pong Diplomacy. So he becomes a national celebrity after getting home and makes TV program with John Leon (the spirit of Beatles). Of course, Forrest also creates lots of amazing experiences, which shock the whole nation, like discovering Watergate scandals. Above all, He is one of millionaires, who are loved by American people so much. In a word, he catches Americans’ eyes from almost every class. And he can be described in one simple sentence, “ Forrest is a famous, wealthy and ecated man”. Without doubt, he is an ideal candidate to the President of United State.

Forrest is so famous and important that the city of Greenbow, Alabama should get together and consider all things seriously. And then the government “offered me a fine job”. What’s the fine job? Everybody is expecting the answer eagerly. We should think, “ Maybe President is a bit of difficult for Forrest. Congressman is right, who needn’t to consider all things” But the government gives Forrest a more difficult job, an absolute technical job- gardener, far from our expectation.

2．Comparison and Humor

In real life, comparison always lies here and there. People like to compare one item to another in order to make things clear or express something special. In movies, comparison is always magnified artistically, and it sometimes turns into sharply contrasting. In this way, some humors appear.

Example 1

Doctor: …… But his back is as crooked as politician. ……

Here is a very short and clear comparison. I guess some China people don’t really understand the comparison and know what the humor is in this sentence. The reason lies in the background knowledge about Americans’ political opinions.

Only from this simple sentence, we can glimpse Americans’ typical opinion on politicians. They feel contempt for this kind of “political animals” because they think politicians always lie in public and not feel a thing. They usually waste money from taxpayers and do nothing. And some of them like to chase girls or make one another scandals. They are not normal people, and not moral people at the same time. So the doctor comparing Forrest’s back to politician’s twisting in the morality, just tells us Forrest’s back isn’t very strait. He makes one American humor, vivid and ethical.

Example 2

Mrs. Gump: Remember what I told you Forrest. You’re no different than anybody else is. Did you hear what I said, Forrest? You are the same as everybody else. You are no different.

Mr. Hillcock (the principal): Your boy’s different, Mrs.Gump. His IQ is 75.

Mrs. Gump: Well, we’re all different, Mr. Hillcock.

Here are two comparisons in dialogues. In first plot, Mrs. Gump emphasizes to Forrest he is exactly as same as everybody else. He is normal and not stupid. She specially emphasizes the last sentence – You are no different. As soon as her voice ends, the director changes to another plot, and the principal tells Mrs. Gump seriously “ You boy is different”. Then he further tells Mrs. Gump a cruel fact –“His IQ’s 75”, to testify that Forrest is a real stupid. This forms a very sharply contrasting. It is so sharply that we can’t feel a little funny

Instead, we feel very sorry for Forrest’s mama because it is not easy to be accepted by a mother when others tell her that her child is a stupid. Some of them maybe react it strongly, sad or mad. But for Mrs. Gump, she answers it wittily. “ We’re all different”, implying “My son might be a bit on the slow side. It’s just a little different. And it’s normal because we’re all different in the world. So my son is going to get the same opportunity to go to school as everyone else.”

She is a great mother with great humorous sophism.（诡辩）

Example 3

Lt. Dan: …… If you’re ever a shrimp（一种虾） boat captain, that’s the day I’m an astronaut（宇航员）.

Forrest meets Lieutenant Dan in New York City when he gets home from China. They go to a bar to celebrate New Year. Forrest tells Lt. Dan he will keep promise with Bubba, so he will buy one shrimping boat as soon as he has some money. Lt. Dan doesn’t believe that, because he knows Forrest is a fool, who isn’t able to do any business by himself. Yes, he gets the Congress Medal, but Dan thinks it is a stupid thing what Goddamn（该死的） American government does to make a fool out of himself. He doesn’t really look down Forrest, but he really doesn’t believe he can do something. Meanwhile, he maybe considers he shall be the real backbone （支柱、骨干）of America who ought to receive the Congress Medal. And only the men like him are the hope of America. But he is nothing now, even no legs. How could he chase his dream? He gets nothing from government but alms and neglect. He resents the government who rubbishes him and has some envy to Forrest because he gets honor he dreams for.

So when Forrest says he will be the captain, he shouts to the crowds and says to Forrest bitterly “if you’re ever a shrimp boat captain, that’s the day I’m an astronaut.” Please remember the time when the story happened – about in the early of 1970’s. It is shortly after the first astronaut- Neil Armstrong lands the moon. At that time, to be an astronaut is an unrealized dream for almost all mankind. How does it come to a legless? Lt. Dan uses two positions to compare in order to tell Forrest, “ Don’t be silly, you will never be a captain.” But he selects a humorous and ironical way to express it.

3．Hyperbole and Humor

In “American Traditional Dictionary”, hyperbole is defined as “A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in ‘I could sleep for a year’ or ‘This book weighs a ton.’” For Chinese people, humility is good virtue, and we think American is too simple and childish. Why? One important reason is that many Americans usually describe things or express feelings in some exaggerated ways. Sometimes, the exaggerations are far from the common sense and make some kind of humors. In “Forrest Gump”, the hero-Forrest Gump is an honest braggadocio, who adds a lot of humorous color to the dialogues.

Forrest: Hello. My name is Forrest. Forrest Gump. You wanna chocolate? I could eat about a million and a half of these. My mama always said, “ Life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re going to get.” Those must be comfortable shoes. I bet you could walk all day in shoes like that and not feel a thing. I wish I had shoes like that.

The dialogue is at the beginning of the movie. Forrest sits on a bus bench and talks to a strange nurse. Forrest boasts he can eat about a million and half of chocolates. It is a typical American exaggeration, obvious and humorous. Of course, it is very easy for us to know that no one is able to eat so many chocolates as a human, maybe God will. Here Forrest overstates it in one billion of times, through which and with the tone of speaking, we will easily find Forrest is not in normal IQ.

In the following sentences, Forrest’s speech reveals some simple life philosophy. And at the last of his first important speech, Forrest, as other Americans, begins to flatter the nurse by her shoes and he uses another exaggeration- and not feels a thing.

Only from these words, Forrest shows us he is not a common people. He is something.
4．Pun and Humor

John Dryden describes the pun as “ to torture a poor word in tens of thousands of ways”. And in “Collinth English Dictionary”, pun is “the use of words or phrases to exploit ambiguities and innuendoes(暗讽、影射) in their meaning, usually for humorous effect.”

ambiguity: Doubtfulness or uncertainty as regards interpretation:
含糊不清；不明确解释有疑问或不确定

Pun is the main carrier in humors, which are printed in texts. Puns usually need the receivers to chewing it over and over and finding something funny. So it’s not easy for audiences to tell the pun and feel humorous when they enjoy one movie just for one time. However, puns still are often used in movies with some simple forms.

Forrest: What’s going on?

Student: Coons are trying to get into school.

Forrest: Coons? Well, raccoons try to get on our back porch, mama, just chases them of with a broom.

Here is a very simple and interesting Meaning Pun used in the dialogue. The screenwriter uses a homograph（同形异义字）- coon, which has two meanings. One is “A carnivorous（食肉类的） North American mammal（哺乳动物） having grayish-brown fur, black mask like facial markings, and a black-ringed bushy（浓密的） tail”. The meaning is what Forrest thinks. Another is “Used as a disparaging term for a Black person”, like the word of nigger. Here the student intends to tell Forrest that two niggers try to enroll in the college.

disparaging: 蔑视的, 毁谤的, 轻视的
coon: [动]浣熊, 无可救药者, <蔑>黑人
nigger: <美>被歧视者, 黑鬼(对黑人的蔑称)

In American history, the state of Alabama is one of the most serious states, which imposing the social separation of races. And the University of Alabama is the last college forbidding the Black registering in. We also can be certain that many people in this college, or even in the whole state, are not friendly to the Black. So the student picks an insulting word referring to the Black students. But for Forrest, he has no opinion of race discrimination. He thinks it is normal for the Black to enter the college and study with them. But it won’t cause so many people, even the Governor, the Commander and so many reporters, to attention it. It must be coons (animals) trying to get into the school, which surely is a big interesting thing for Forrest. But he also doesn’t understand why the small animals will cause so many big figures to the college. He thinks his mama and a broom are much enough to chase them off. The screenwriter uses a pun building a simple and pure Forrest’s image.

5．Irony and Humor

Irony is “An expression or utterance marked by a deliberate contrast between apparent and intended meaning”, usually for humorous or rhetorical effect. Ironies are widely used in the movies’ dialogues. You should have the capacity of good sense of humor and knowledge in American cultures.

Forrest: I only caught five

Boat Salesman: A couple more and you can have yourself a cocktail. ……

Although Bubba tells Forrest everything about shrimping, but Forrest still finds that shrimping is tough. One day, he only catches five after a-whole-day hard working. The boat salesman just makes a joke to Forrest in order to cheer him up. Meanwhile, he also tells Forrest a fact that Forrest catches too few.

There is also a background about the shrimp cocktail. Shrimp cocktail is a mixture of small pieces of shrimp, served cold and eaten at the beginning of a meal. It is usually an appetizer. So the number of shrimps that are used in the shrimp cocktail is not big. Several are enough. Here the boat salesman just uses the cocktail to make fun of the number of shrimps Forrest catches.

6．Transfer and Humor

Transfer is to convey or cause to pass from one place, person, or thing to another. In dialogues, talkers usually convey one topic to another one, or change from one focus to another. Especially when the question is too sharp or not convenient to answer. Sometimes one talker is deliberate to transfer the topic in order to avoid hurting another talker. The transfer in dialogues often causes some unexpected effects, like humor.

Officer: Private Gump

Forrest: Yes, sir

Officer: As you were. I have your discharge papers. Your service is up, son.

Forrest: Does this mean, I can’t play ping pong no more?

Officer: For the army it does.

In this dialogue, the officer sends the discharge papers to Forrest and tells him his service in army is over. But for Forrest, the first response is he can’t play ping pong any more. He makes us a surprise and fun because there is no directly connection between playing ping pong and ending service in the army. It is according to Forrest’s intelligent level, which makes him think everything straightly.

For the officer, he certainly knows Forrest is not high in his IQ. And he doesn’t answer the question directly, like “ No, my son. You can continue to play ping pong. But blah, blah, blah.” He answers the Forrest’s stupid question from another angle. Only by a few words, the officer explains the thing clearly, even for Forrest.

blah: Dull and uninteresting

Conclusion

Of course, the humors of movie are represented not only in the dialogues, but also in the design of plots or actors’ body languages. this is banner

In “Forrest Gump”, the screenwriter and director hide lots of humors in the designation of plots. For example, Forrest rubs elbows with many famous personalities over the last half of the century including Elvis Presley, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon. And he also involves in many big events in the history of America, like Vietnam War, Ping Pong’s Diplomacy and Watergate Scandal.

As to body languages, we have to mention a great master, – Charlie Chaplin. You would find it difficult not to laugh at his early films. Of course, Tom Hanks is also a good actor, who surely acts a gifted fool perfectly through his eyes, expression and his actions. We can find lots of humors in his acts.

Totally, the humor is a very distinguished characteristic in American Movies. It is usually represented to audiences by dialogues, plots and actors’ body languages. Especially in dialogues, humors are vivid and witty through applying some rhetoric.

I will end my paper by some integrated words from “Forrest Gump”: Hello. My name’s Forrest, Forrest Gump. I might be a bit on the slow side. But my mama says “stupid is as stupid does”. I have no ideas to be famous and just want to be me. But for no particular reason, I’d been a football star and a war hero and a national celebrity and shrimping boat captain and a college graate. My mama always said, “Life is a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re going to get.” I just do the best with what God gave me, and you?

『肆』 短的英语名言警句

1、A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。——唐代王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》

2、A common danger causes common action. 同舟共济。——现代曲波《林海雪原》二十七

3、A contented mind is a continual / perpetual feast. 知足常乐。——春秋老子《道德经》

4、A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。——明·王阳明《与薛尚谦书》

5、If learning is just imitation, then we will not have science or technology.如果学习只在于模仿，那么我们就不会有科学，也不会有技术。——德国高尔基《语录》

6、A letter from home is a priceless treasure. 家书抵万金。——唐代杜甫《春望》

7、All rivers run into the sea. 殊途同归。——西周姬昌《周易·系辞下》

8、All time is no time when it is past. 机不可失，时不再来。——五代·安重荣《上石敬瑭表》

9、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一日一个苹果，身体健康不求医。现代张恒《健康百谚》

10、As heroes think, so thought Bruce. 英雄所见略同。——晋·虞溥《江表传》

『伍』 up是什么电影

飞屋环游记，台湾叫天外奇迹，英文名up
以下来自维基网络：

Up is a 2009 American computer-animated comedy-adventure film proced by Pixar, distributed by Walt Disney Pictures and presented in Disney Digital 3-D. The film premiered on May 29, 2009 in North America and opened the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, becoming the first animated and 3D film to do so.[3] The film was director Pete Docter's second film, the first being 2001's Monsters, Inc., and features the voices of Edward Asner, Christopher Plummer, Bob Peterson, and Jordan Nagai. It is Pixar's tenth feature film and the studio's first to be presented in Disney Digital 3-D,[4] and is accompanied in theaters and DVD releases by the short film Partly Cloudy.[5]
《天外奇迹》（Up）是2009年皮克斯动画工作室第十部动画电影，首部3D电影。由《怪兽公司》导演皮特·多克特负责执导，爱德华·阿斯纳、克里斯托弗·普卢默和约翰·拉岑贝格尔配音演出。
电影由华特迪士尼影业发行，曾於纽约Comic-Con展试映前45分钟，获得好评如流。受邀为第62届坎城影展开幕片，首部担任坎城开幕片的3D动画片。[1]本片在北美2009年5月29日正式公开首映。 本片入围奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳动画片等奖项，成为继美女与野兽之後的第二部入围最佳影片的动画片。

Young Carl Fredricksen is a shy, quiet boy who idolizes renowned explorer Charles F. Muntz. He is saddened to learn, however, that Muntz has been accused of fabricating the skeleton of a giant bird he had claimed to have discovered in Paradise Falls, South America. Muntz vows to return there to capture one alive. One day, Carl befriends an energetic and somewhat eccentric tomboy named Ellie, who is also a Muntz fan. She confides to Carl her desire to move her "clubhouse"—an abandoned house in the neighborhood—to a cliff overlooking Paradise Falls, making him promise to help her. Carl and Ellie eventually get married and grow old together in the restored house, working as a toy balloon vendor and a zookeeper, respectively. Unable to have children, they repeatedly pool their savings for a trip to Paradise Falls, but end up spending it on more pressing needs. An elderly Carl finally arranges for the trip, but Ellie suddenly becomes ill and dies, leaving him alone.
Some time later, Carl still lives in the house, now surrounded by urban development, but he refuses to sell. He ends up injuring a construction worker over his damaged mailbox. He therefore is evicted from the house by court order e to them deeming him a "public menace", and is ordered to move to a retirement home. However, Carl comes up with a scheme to keep his promise to Ellie: he turns his house into a makeshift airship, using thousands of helium balloons to lift it off its foundation. A young member of the "Wilderness Explorers" (a fictional youth organization analogous to the Boy Scouts of America) named Russell becomes an accidental passenger, having pestered Carl earlier in an attempt to earn his final merit badge, "Assisting the Elderly".
After surviving a thunderstorm, the house lands near a large ravine facing Paradise Falls. Carl and Russell harness themselves to the still-buoyant house and begin to walk it around the ravine, hoping to reach the falls before the balloons deflate. They later befriend a tall, colorful flightless bird (whom Russell names "Kevin") trying to reach her chicks, and then a dog named Dug, who wears a special collar that allows him to speak.
Carl and Russell encounter a pack of dogs led by Alpha, and are taken to Dug's master, who turns out to be an elderly Charles Muntz. Muntz invites Carl and Russell aboard his dirigible, where he explains that he has spent the years since his disgrace searching Paradise Falls for the giant bird. When Russell innocently reveals his friendship with Kevin, Muntz becomes disturbingly hostile, prompting the pair, Kevin, and Dug to flee, chased by Muntz's dogs. Muntz eventually catches up with them and starts a fire beneath Carl's house, forcing Carl to choose between saving it or Kevin. Carl rushes to put out the fire, allowing Muntz to take the bird. Carl and Russell eventually reach the falls, but Russell is angry with Carl.
Settling into his home, Carl is sadly poring over Ellie's childhood scrapbook when, to his surprise, he finds photos of their married life and a final note from Ellie thanking him for the "adventure" and encouraging him to go on a new one. Reinvigorated, he goes to find Russell, only to see him sailing off on some balloons to save Kevin. Carl empties the house of his furniture and possessions and pursues him.
Russell is captured by Muntz, but Carl manages to board the dirigible in flight and free both Russell and Kevin. Muntz pursues them around the airship, finally cornering Dug, Kevin, and Russell inside Carl's tethered house. Carl lures Kevin out through a window and back onto the airship with Dug and Russell clinging to her back, just as Muntz is about to close in; Muntz leaps after them, only to snag his foot on some balloon lines and fall to his death. Snapped from its tether, the house descends out of sight through the clouds, which Carl accepts as being for the best.
Carl and Russell reunite Kevin with her chicks, then fly the dirigible back to civilization. When Russell's father misses his son's Senior Explorer ceremony, Carl proudly presents Russell with his final badge for assisting the elderly, as well as a personal addition: the grape soda cap that Ellie gave to Carl when they first met (which he bs the "Ellie Badge"). The two then enjoy some ice cream together, sitting on the curb outside the shop as Russell and his father used to do, with the dirigible parked nearby (over a handicapped parking space, in keeping with the elderly motif). Meanwhile, Carl's house is shown to have landed on the cliff beside Paradise Falls, as promised to Ellie.
主角是78岁的老头卡尔·费迪逊（Carl Fredrickson），当卡尔还是一个孩子，遇见有著同样梦想的女孩艾莉（Ellie），他们一同在中西部城镇里长大，最後结婚。艾莉总是梦想著到南美洲探险，但机会尚未来到却已病逝。
现在，政府官员兴建摩天大楼计画，要求卡尔搬离住处，最终卡尔决定实现艾莉的承诺，带著屋子离开前往南美。当中意外地，一位八岁亚裔童子军小罗（Russell），为了收集最後一个帮助老人的徽章，误打误撞搭上这座飞屋，於是两个素不相识的一老一少，将会面临险恶的地形，难以预测的危机，展开一场荒野的丛林冒险之路。
途中没多久即遇到暴风雨，慌乱之馀，卡尔再度醒来发现已抵达南美洲仙境瀑布附近。两人於是徒步前往对岸山谷，遇见喜爱吃巧克力稀有彩色巨鸟凯文（Kevin），以及会说人话的狗小逗（Dug），一同踏上旅程。随後，发现凯文是狗群所猎捕的目标，并且指使狗的主人正是卡尔小时候崇仰的冒险家查理斯蒙兹（Charles Muntz）。蒙兹为向世人证明巨鸟的存在，已在此进行追捕多年，察觉卡尔隐瞒巨鸟的实情，而对他们展开攻击。藉由小逗帮助，才得以从众狗追击下逃脱。
卡尔想尽快抵达「仙境瀑布」，完成艾莉的心愿，但凯文因救大家脚被咬伤，小罗觉得应该先带凯文回她孩子身边，卡尔犹豫下终究妥协先带凯文。小逗身上的追踪器，让蒙兹很快地找到他们，且放火烧掉卡尔的房子，卡尔情急之下选择灭火，导致凯文被蒙兹捉走。心爱的房子被烧，不顾与小罗的承诺救出凯文，执著前往仙境瀑布。抵达後，卡尔静下来翻阅艾莉的冒险日记，才明瞭艾莉与他已走过一生的冒险，是时候开始他另一个新的旅程。
卡尔醒悟後决定与小罗救出凯文，小罗却因卡尔不守誓言绑著气球独自前往。为让沉重的房子再度飘起，卡尔将屋内的所有家具抛下，放下一切，追逐蒙兹的飞行船。随後，卡尔和小罗以及小逗分别地闯入飞行船，成功救出凯文，而蒙兹在打斗中从高空摔下丛林，卡尔的房屋也在此失去。最後顺利将凯文送回，两人与小逗搭著飞行船回家。在徽章颁奖典礼上，卡尔亲自为小罗别上艾莉的专属徽章，两人也同住在一起。而卡尔与艾莉的飞屋幸运地停留在仙境瀑布上，达成艾莉的心愿。

『陆』 classes start和class start的区别的用法

第1章 动词时态
第2章 被动语态
第3章 虚拟语气
第4章 情态动词
第5章 动词不定式
第6章 动词的ing形式
第7章 过去分词
第8章 独立主格结构
第9章 名词性从句
第10章 定语从句
第11章 状语从句（一）
第11章 状语从句（二）
第12章 直接引语和间接引语
第13章 倒装
第14章 强 调
第15章 省略
第16章 主谓一致
动词时态－－ 一般时
第一章 动词时态（一）
在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。
一、一般时
一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
A.一般现在时
1． 一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。
They want good jobs.
他们想要好的工作。
The coat matches the dress.
外衣和裙子很相配。
This work does not satisfy me.
这项工作我不满意。
Do you understand?
你懂了吗?
2．一般现在时的用法
①一般现在时的基本用法
a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态
He always takes a walk after supper.
晚饭后他总是散散步。
Everyone is in high spirits now.
现在大家都情绪高涨。
b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起在西方落下。
Sound travels faster through water than it does through air.
声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
Time and tide wait for no man.
时间不等人。
c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态
This cloth feels soft.
这布摸上去很软。
I love classical music.
我喜欢古典音乐。
The President still seems able to find time to go fishing.
看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。
d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
The meeting begins at 7:00.
会议七点钟开始。
We leave here at 8:00 sharp.
我们八点整离开这里。
e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作
When you come next time, bring me some magazines.
你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。
If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。
Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home.
不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。
②一般现在时的特殊用法
a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中
China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful
中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功
Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow
劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科
b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中
Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
弗朗西斯穿过去，把球传给姚明，姚明跳起来，接住球投进篮里。
Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine.
现在，看，我按下按扭，打开了这台机器。
c. 表示告诫或劝说
You mind your own business.
你不要管闲事！
If he does that again, he goes to prison.
如果他再那样的话，他就会进监狱的。
d. 表示现在瞬间的动作
Here comes the bus.
汽车来了。
There goes the bell.
铃响了。
B．一般过去时
1． 一般过去时的构成
一般过去时是用动词的过去式来表示。
His words fetched a laugh from all present.
他的话使在场的人都笑了。
I did not sleep well last night.
我昨晚没睡好。
Did you direct the tourist to the hotel?
你告诉这位游客去旅馆的路了吗？
2．一般过去时的用法
①一般过去时的基本用法
a. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
He suddenly fell ill yesterday.
昨天他突然生病了。
The engine stopped because the fuel was used up.
发动机因燃料用光而停机了。
注意：
在一般过去时的句子中，通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。
【误】I visited the Palace Museum.（在没有上下文的情况下，应避免这样说）
【正】I visited the Palace Museum last year.
去年我参观过故宫博物院。
【正】I have visited the Palace Museum.
我参观过故宫博物院。
b. 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态
I wrote home once a week at college.
我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。
He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.
他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。
提示：
表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去式外，还可以用used to或would来表示。
She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three.
她上高三时经常学习到深夜。
He would sit for hours doing nothing.
过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。
c. 表示过去连续发生的一系列动作
She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.
她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。
The students got up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.
学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。
d. 在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作
We would not leave until the teacher came back.
老师回来我们才会离开。
She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.
她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。
②一般过去时的特殊用法
a. 在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态
It's time we went.
是我们该走的时候了。
I wish I were twenty years younger.
但愿我年轻20岁。
I would rather you didn't do anything for the time being.
我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。
b. 在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。
I wondered if you could give me a hand.
我想请你帮个忙。
Might I come and see you tonight?
我想今晚来看你，好吗？
3．一般现在时和一般过去时的比较
一般现在时要和现在时间相联系，而一般过去时和说话的“现在”不相联系。
His father is a film director.
他父亲是电影导演。（他现在还是）
His father was a film director.
他父亲曾是电影导演。（他现在不是）
How do you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样？（还在看小说）
How did you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样？（已看完小说）
C．一般将来时
1． 一般将来时的构成
一般将来时是由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成的。shall只限于第一人称，主要见于英国英语，现在的趋势是第一、二、三人称的单复数形式均用will表示。在口语中，shall和will常缩写成“'ll”，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not 和will not 常简略为shan't 和won't。
I'll go and shut the door.
我去关门。
When will you know your exam results?
你什么时候能知道考试结果？
I can see you're busy, so I won't stay long.
我看得出你很忙，所以我不会呆太久的。
提示：在you and I或both of us等短语后，只用will，不用shall。
You and I will arrive there next Monday.
我和你下周一都要到达那里。
Both of us will graate from middle school next year.
我们俩明年中学毕业。
2．一般将来时的用法
①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
I shall be free this afternoon.
我今天下午有空。
There'll be no chemistry classes tomorrow.
明天没有化学课。
They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday.
他们可能去上海度假。
注意：
在口语中，常用will / shall + be doing结构来代替will / shall + 动词原形，以表示生动。
I'll be seeing a friend off at the airport.
我要去机场给一个朋友送行。
He'll be going with us tomorrow.
他明天和我们一起去。
②表示将要反复发生的动作
My uncle will come to see me every Saturday.
我叔叔每个星期六都会来看我。
The students will have five English classes per week this term.
本学期学生们每周要上五节英语课。
③表示同意或答应做某事
That bag looks heavy. I'll help you with it.
这个包看起来很重，我来帮你提。
I won't tell anyone what happened, I promise.
我保证不告诉别人所发生的事。
④表示一种倾向或推测
Flowers will die without water.
没有水花会枯死的。
Water will change into ice at 0℃.
水在零摄氏度就会结冰。
This will be your sister, I guess.
我猜想这是你姐姐。
3．一般将来时的常用结构
①用于“I expect, I'm sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句”中
Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you'll pass.
不要担心这次考试，我确信你会通过的。
I wonder what will happen.
我不知道将会发生什么事。
I don't think the test will be very difficult.
我想这次测验不会太难。
②用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中
Work hard and you will succeed.
如果你努力，就会成功的。
Go at once and you will see her.
马上去，你就会见到她了。
③与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用
I'll let you know as soon as he arrives.
他一到我就通知你。
If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你请他，他会帮助你的。
We shall go unless it rains.
除非下雨，否则我们是要去的。
4．将来时间的其他表达法
①be going to + 动词原形
“be going to+ 动词原形”这一结构常用于口语中。
a. 表示决定或打算要做某事
I'm going to buy a new coat this winter.
今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。
Are you going to play basketball after class?
下课后你去打篮球吗？
He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.
他长大后要当医生。
What are you going to do today?
今天你打算做什么？
b. 表示有迹象即将要发生什么事
Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。
The car is going to turn over.
汽车要翻了！
There is going to be a snowstorm.
将有一场暴风雪。
比较：
“be going to + 动词原形”与“will / shall + 动词原形”的区别
1．be going to通常表示很快就要发生的事，而will/shall既可表示不久的将来，也可表示长远的将来或不确定的将来。
She is going to get better.
她的病要好了。（有恢复健康的迹象）
She will get better.
她的病会好的。（认为最终会恢复健康的）
2．will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的； be going to则表示事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。
— George phoned while you were out.
你外出的时候乔治打电话来的。
— Ok. I'll phone him back.
好的，我给他回电话。（临时决定）
— Matthew phoned while you were out.
你外出的时候马修打电话来了。
— Yes, I know. I'm going to phone him back.
是的，我知道了。我准备给他回电话。（早有安排）
但在正式文体中，要用will来表示事先安排的动作。
The meeting will begin at 10:00 a.m..
会议将在10点开始。
Coffee will be served from 9:30 from today onwards.
从今天起9:30开始供应咖啡。
3．表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时，要用be going to，不用will或shall。
I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick.
我觉得不舒服，我想我要生病了。
4．be going to 可用于条件句，表示将来时间，will则不能。
If you are going to attend the meeting, you'd better leave now.
如果你要出席会议，你最好现在就动身。
②be + 动词的-ing形式
“be + 动词的-ing形式”表示根据现在的计划或安排，预期将会发生某事，这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中，动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get 以及eat, meet, see off, die等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语，则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。
He is leaving for Xinjiang in a few days.
他几天后要动身去新疆。
I am dining out tonight.
今晚我将出去吃饭。
The plane is taking off soon.
飞机马上就要起飞了。
The old man is dying.
那位老人快要死了。
比较：
“be + 动词的-ing形式”和“be going to + 动词原形”的异同
1．表示按计划发生的动作时，两者可互换。
We are moving to a new flat tomorrow.
我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。
We are going to move to a new flat tomorrow.
我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。
2．表示由于客观因素而产生的将来动作或状态时，用be going to结构，不用be + 动词的-ing形式。
You are going to fall if you climb that tree.
如果你爬树的话，你会摔下来的。（不可说 You are falling if ...）
Be careful. You are going to break that chair.
当心！你会把那张椅子弄坏的。（不可说 You are breaking that chair）
③ be + 动词不定式
这一结构中的be，只有现在式 (am, is, are) 和过去式 (was, were) 两种形式。
a. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
The highway is to be open to traffic in May.
这条公路将在五月份通车。
Am I to take over his work?
我是不是要接管他的工作？
b. 用于条件句中强调按计划或安排将要发生的动作
If we are to take the 5:00 train, we must leave now.
如果我们乘坐5点的火车的话，那我们现在就得出发。
c. 表示命令或吩咐等。否定形式常表示“禁止”或“不许”。
You are to be back before 10 p.m..
你必须在10点前回来。
You are not to go out alone at night.
晚上你不能单独出去。
比较：
“be + 动词不定式”与“be going to+ 动词原形”的区别
1．“be going to+ 动词原形”侧重说话人个人的意图和打算，“be + 动词不定式”侧重受别人的指示或安排要做的事。
I'm going to try my best to write this article well.
我将尽力把这篇文章写好。
Am I to wait here till their arrival?
我要在这儿一直等到他们抵达吗？
2．表示由于客观因素或不受人控制的将要发生的动作时，只用“be going to+ 动词原形”，不用“be + 动词不定式”。
It's going to rain.
天要下雨了。（不说It's to rain.）
Rachel is going to faint.
雷切尔要晕倒了。
④一般现在时
一般现在时可以用来表示将来时间，主要用法有：
a. 表示由于日历或时刻表的规定而固定不变的或比较不易变更的将来时间发生的动作。
Tomorrow is Friday.
明天是星期五。
What time does the next train leave for Paris?
下一班开往巴黎的火车几点出发？
b. 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时间的动作或状态。
I'll give the book to you after I finish it.
我看完这本书就给你。
If he arrives, we must go and meet him at the railway station.
如果他到了，我们就得到火车站去接他。
c. 在hope, suppose等后面的宾语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来动作或状态。
I hope all is well with him.
我希望他一切都好。
Suppse we go hiking tomorrow.
我们明天还是去远足吧。
D．一般过去将来时
1．一般过去将来时的构成
一般过去将来时是由“should/would + 动词原形”构成的。
He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.
昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎。
They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.
他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。
2．一般过去将来时的用法
一般过去将来时间的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作和状态。
a. 一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中
He said they would arrange a party.
他说他们将安排一个晚会。
I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.
我问他是否来帮我修电视机。
b. 一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态
If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.
今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。
3．过去将来时间其他表达法
a. was/were going to +动词原形
He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.
他说他退休后要住在农村。
They thought it was going to rain.
他们认为天要下雨了。
b. was/were +动词的-ing形式
Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.
没人知道客人们是否要来。
I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes.
我被告知火车几分钟后就要开了。
c. was/were +动词不定式
She said she was to clean the classroom after school.
她说她放学后要打扫教室。
It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtse River.
据报道长江上将要再建一座大桥。
提示：
“was/were going to +动词原形”或“was/were + 动词不定式完成式”可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。
Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.
上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。（没有去成）
I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before.
我是打算帮忙演出的，但前天我感冒了。（没有帮上忙）
d. was/were about to do
“was/were about to do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。
I felt something terrible was about to happen.
我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。
e. was/were on the point of doing
I'm glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but you've saved me the trouble now. 很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话，现在你省去我这个麻烦了。
提示：
“be about to do”和“be on the point of doing”结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。
I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.
我正要动身天突然下雨了。

『柒』 为什么 the die is cast 翻译为木已成舟

“the die is cast” 从字面意思翻译成中文是“模具是铸造的”的意思。

而“The die is cast！” 是句俗语，当你下定决心要去做某件事、既使失败也决意要做时，都可以用它来形容。

它的来源是：公元前49年，凯撒在成功镇压高卢境内的反罗马起义后，曾在意大利边境的Rubicon畔踌躇不前。根据罗马法律，他必须只身一人返回罗马，但这很可能让国内的仇敌有机可乘，不带兵“进虎口”明摆着送死嘛！

最终，凯撒扔出一句“The die is cast！”（骰子已经掷下，就这样吧），die在这里是dice（骰子）的单数形式，遂带兵过“卢比肯河”，走上了一条不归路。后来“The die is cast”或“cross the Rubicon”常用来形容“决心已下”、“义无反顾”或“破釜沉舟”。

(7)catches法国电影扩展阅读：

die： v. 死; 死亡; 凋谢; 消失; 消亡; 灭亡; 停止运转; n. 模具; 冲模; 压模; 显然在这个句子中die是名词，因此译成“模具”。

cast : v. 向…投以(视线、笑容等); 投射(光、影子等); 使人怀疑; 造谣中伤; n. (一出戏剧或一部电影的) 全体演员; 铸件; 铸造品; 模子; 铸模 。

因此，整个句子表面意思是“模具是铸造的”。

『捌』 Catch me if you can是什么意思啊

意思是：如果可以的话，抓住我。

重点词汇：Catch

英［kætʃ］

释义：

vt.赶上；抓住；感染；了解

vi.赶上；抓住

n.捕捉；捕获物；窗钩

［复数：catches；第三人称单数：catches；现在分词：catching；过去式：caught；过去分词：caught］

短语：

catch up with赶上；追上；迎头赶上；遇上

词语使用变化：catch

n.（名词）

1、catch作名词时，基本意思是“抓”“接”，指对抛出、打出的东西抓或抛，尤指接球。引申还可指捕获物或捕获量，指人时往往指那些难以获得的人，也可指锁钩、挂钩、吊扣。

2、catch还可指“隐患”“圈套”“陷阱”，指意想不到的问题或障碍。

3、catch是可数名词，其复数形式是catches。

『玖』 帮忙翻译几句谚语和句子

it is easier to tear a house down than build it up。毁屋容易建屋难
honey catches more flies than vinegar。献蜜罐子总比送醋坛子管用。

in some parts of Latin America，avoid giving thirteen of anything。在拉美国家某些地方，送人任何东西避免13个。
in some parts of china，avoid giving clock。在中国某些地方，避免送钟
in some parts of japan，avoid giving gifts in groups of four。在日本某些地方，避免送4组礼物
in some parts of France，avoid giving chrysanthemum flower。在法国某些地方，避免送菊花
there is a remedy for everything except death 除了死亡, 一切都可补救