㈠ 如何区分不定式作定语还是状语
一、不定式作定语有两个标志:
1. 修饰名词或其他名词性词语;
2. 用作后置定语,一般直接跟在被修饰词的后面。
例如:
He is always the first one to get up. 他总是第一个起床。(不定式短语to get up 修饰不定代词 one。)
I have a few words to say. 我有几句话要说。。(不定式短语to say 修饰名词 words。)
That's the way to do it. 那样做才对。(不定式短语 to do it 修饰名词 way)
二、不定式作状语用来说明谓语动词的目的或结果:
You must come to see me on Sunday. 星期日你一定要来看我。(不定式短语 to see me 说明动词 come 的目的)
Early in 2000, he went abroad to further his study. 早在2000年,她出国去深造。(不定式短语 to further his study 说明动词 went 的目的)
A few years later he came home to find that his home town had greatly changed. 几年后他回到家里,发现故乡的面貌大大地改变了。(不定式短语 to find that ... 说明动词 came 的结果)
What have I done to make you so angry. 我做了什么,让你如此生气?(不定式短语 to make you so angry 说明动词 have done 的结果)
㈡ 怎样区分动词不定式是做后置定语还是目的状语
作定语是起修饰作用,
She has a lot of homework to do.是不定式作后置定语。
这句话的意思是 她有很多作业要做,可能这样翻译不好分辨它是作定语,可以这样翻译:她有很多要做的作业。to do要做的,修饰名词homework,这就很容易看出来此处的不定式是作定语。
作状语就是表示原因、目的、结果等。
She came here to visit some friends. 是不定式作目的状语。这句话的意思是 他来这里看望朋友,也就是她来这里的目的是看望朋友。此处的不定式并没有修饰哪个词,而是描述做某件事的目的。
其他类似句子:
I have many letters to write. 我有很多要写的信。 不定式作定语
I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那里。 (我没有去那儿的时间) 不定式作定语
I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间住的房子。 不定式作定语
I am glad to see you. 很高兴见到你。(见到你,所以我很高兴。)原因状语
He is too young to go to school.他太小了,(所以)还不能上学。 结果状语
I need some money to buy a present for my mom.我需要些钱给我们妈妈买礼物。(我需要钱的目的的是想买礼物) 目的状语
㈢ 动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语的句子
一、动词不定式作主语的句子
1、To love others is to be loved.爱人即爱己。
2、To hesitate means failure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。
3、To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我们的健康。
4、To clean the window is your ty.清洁窗户是你的职责。( 不定式的逻辑主语是 “you”)
5、To point out the difficulties is my purpose. 指出困难是我的目的。( 不定式的逻辑主语是 “I”)
二、动词不定式作宾语的句子
1、I can't bear to look back.往事不堪回首。
2、. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
3、The driver failed to see the other car in time.驾驶员未能及时看到另1辆车。
4、I want to learn English well.我想把英语学好。
5、what I have to do now is to finish the homework.我现在要做的事就是完成我的作业。
三、动词不定式作定语的句子
1、I have many books to read. 我有许多书要读。
2、We must find a person to do the work.我们必须找到一个人来做这个工作。
3、I have no pen to write with.我没有钢笔写字。
4、She has nothing to worry about.她没什么好担心的。
5、He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个到,最后一个离开的人。
四、动词不定式作状语的句子
1、He is too young to go to school.他的年纪太大了,所以不能去上学了。
2、Come to see me again soon. 尽快再来看我。
3、He was astonished to hear the terrible news.听到那个可怕的消息,他感到震惊。
4、I trembled to think of it. 我一想到那件事就不寒而栗。
5、You couldn't do that to save your life. 你即使为了救自己也不能那样做。
五、动词不定式作补语的句子
1、I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。
2、he hopes us to win. 他希望我们获胜。(to win属于宾补,即宾语补足语的成分)
3、they invited me to go with them.他们邀请我和他们一起去。
4、i want you to speak to him.我要你和他谈谈。
5、We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
㈣ “to do”不定式在句子中的成分及用法是什么
不定词具有以下三种用法:
1、名词用法——当主语,宾语,补语。
2、形容词用法——当表语,修饰名词。
3、副词用法——修饰动词,副词,形容词,及表示目的;理由;结果等。
不定式原本是动词,只要在动词前面加个 to,即可变身为名词,形容词或副词。例如:我正在吃披萨。我喜欢吃披萨。第一句中的吃是动词,而第二句中的吃却不是动词,它是变身后的名词短语,吃披萨已经是一件事,是名词短语。
1、I like to eat pizza. (名词)
2、Give me something to eat. (形容词)
3、He went to that restaurant to eat pizza. (副词)
名词用法:
1、当主语。
①在同一时间取悦每一个人是不可能的。
主语:在同一时间取悦每一个人(To please everyone at the same time)
谓语:是(is)
表语:不可能的(impossible)
在一个句子中只能有一个动词,并列句除外!
To please everyone at the same time is impossible.
②保护环境是重要的
主语:保护环境(To protect the environment)
谓语:是(is)
表语:重要的( important)
To protect the environment is important.
重点1:不定式当主语时,也可以用假主词代替
It is impossible to please everyone at the same time.
It is important to protect the environment.
重点2:It's+形容词(表示人格的词)+of 人+to v~.
It's kind of you to see me off = You are kind to see me off 你真好来为我送行。
It's stupid of me to do such a thing = I was stupid to do such a thing 我真本做这样子的事情。
重点3:不定词的否定形式 not+to v
Not to depend on others is the best way to success.不依赖别人是成功的最佳途径。
2、当表语(位于be动词之后)。
A doctor's ty is to take care of sick people.医生的职责在于照顾病人。
His fault is to talk too much.他的问题在于话太多。
3、当宾语。
We decided to put off the meeting.我们决定延期会议。
My son needs to see a dentist.我的儿子需要看牙医。
㈤ 英语中的主语,谓语,状语,定语,表语,我才上初一,请问是什么意思
主语:i like it,i是主语,大多指人或物但高中会学从句初中知道这个可以了。谓语:即动词如He did it just now.did是谓语。状语: 从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件等 ,具体情况具体分析: 修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成份叫状语。例如:
My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past.我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难生活。
She studies hard.她努力学习。
I am very tired.我非常疲倦。
二、什么可以作状语?
1.副词:Say again.再说一遍。
Suddenly it began to rain.天突然下雨了。
2.介词短语:
Please come here in the evening.请晚上来这儿。
He wrote with a red pencil.他用红铅笔写的。
3.动词不定式(或不定式短语):
He went to see a film.他看电影去了。
My father was surprised to hear the news.
我父亲听到这个消息,感到惊奇。
4.分词(或分词短语):
He sat there reading a novel.他坐在那儿看小说。
The students went away laughing.学生们笑着走开了。
5.名词:
Wait a moment.等一会儿。
It can go all day and all night.它能整日整夜地走。
6.状语从句:
I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.
我一到那儿就给你写信。
He didn’t come because he had to stay at home to finish his home work.他没来,因为他不得不留在家里完成家庭作业。
三、状语的分类:
状语按用途可分为:地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。
1.地点状语:
The students are doing their homework in the classroom.学生们正在教室里做作业。
2.时间状语:
I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside.我在农村生活时,向农民学到很多东西。
3.目的状语:
They set out early so that they might arrive on time.他们早点动身,以便准时到达。
4.原因状语:
She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting.因为要开会,所以她不能回家了。
5.结果状语:
Li Ming studied so hard that he caught up with the others very quickly.李明学习如此努力,结果很快赶上了其他人。
6.程度状语:
I nearly forgot what he had promised.
我几乎忘记了他答应的事。
7.方式状语:
He came singing and dancing.他唱着跳着走过来。
8.条件状语:
If you work hard at English,you will do well in English.如果你努力学习英语,你的英语成绩就会好。
9.让步状语:
He went to school yesterday though he was ill.
昨天他尽管有病,仍上学去了。
10.比较状语:
Lesson Two is not so difficult as Lesson One.
第二课不像第一课那样难。
四、状语的位置:
一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活,它可以处于句首、句中或句末。
1.状语位于句首:为了强调状语或者为了使它与上下文紧密衔接,通常把状语放于句首。
Tomorrow I am going swimming.明天我要去游泳。
Here in the cinema house,smoking is not allowed.
在电影院这里不准吸烟的。
2.状语位于句中:状语在句中的位置是:
(1)如果没有助动词,状语就位于动词前面。
I often go to see a film.我经常看电影。
(2)如果动词前有一个或几个助动词,状语位于第一个助动词之后。
He has already had his lunch.他已吃过午饭了。
(3)如果动词是be,状语就放在be动词之后。
He is always at home.他总是在家。,定语:修饰名词:She is a pretty girl,pretty是定语,he is
the man who i met just now,who后面是定语从句,初三学定语从句。表语,即系动词后面的都是, 表语一般用在连系动词后面,连系动词除了be之外,还有become(成为)、look(看起来)、turn(变成)、go(变成)、seem(似乎)、appear(似乎、显得)、feel(摸起来)、sound(听起来)、smel... ,接在这些后面的就可以称表语,例花看上去(look)好漂亮,好漂亮是表语
㈥ 不定式作原因状语如何使用
不定式作原因状语主要用于表示表情与心理状态的动词或表语形容词;表示人对某事某物的反应如何,有一种直觉感,常译作“因……而……”的说法。
不定式经常放在:glad,sorry,happy,pleased,eager,lucky,fortunate,proud,angry,surprised,amazed,disappointed,ready,foolish,clever,willing等形容词后面作原因状语。
例如:
(1)I'm glad tomeet you here.在这里见到你真使我高兴。
(2)She is proud to have won the first place.她因取得第一名而自豪。
(3)Bill was lucky to meet an outstanding teacher.遇到一位杰出的老师,比尔是很幸运的。
(6)她看电影去了哪个词是不定式作状语扩展阅读
不定式常用于充当:目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、句首评注性状语。
1、目的状语
They came here to seek a new life.他们来这里寻求一种新生活。
John went to England to pursue his MBA.约翰去英国学工商管理硕士学位。
2、结果状语
不定式有时也跟only, never连用,作结果状语,往往表示出乎意料。例如:
She woke up only to find herself in a strange place.她醒来时发现自己落在一个陌生的地方。
The huge tree disappeared never to be seen again.大树消失了,再也见不到了。
3、评注性状语
不定式还经常放在句首充当评注性状语。例如:
To tell you the truth, I’m not interested in it.实话告诉你,我对此没有兴趣。
To be frank, you stillneed to improve your skills.坦率地说,你还需要提高技能。
To be honest, I’m not an expert.老实告诉你,我不是专家。
说明:too…to…结构一般表示“太……而不能……”,不定式表示否定意思。例如:
It’s too late to get tickets for tonight’s movie.太晚了买不到今晚的电影票。
This plan is too good to be feasible.这计划太好了反倒实行不了。
但是,有些场合too…to…中的too不作“太,过于”讲,而作“非常,十分”,等于so,very,不定式则表示肯定意义,这时的形容词一般是eager,anxious,glad表示心情的形容词。例如:
The boys were too anxious to see the match.男孩子急着要看比赛。
The students are too eager to know their test results.学生们非常渴望知道考试结果。
She is only too happy to go shopping.去逛商店她再高兴不过了。
㈦ 分词作状语和不定式作状语
1. 目的,结果与伴随(或连续性)
动词不定式可以表示目的作状语(或in order+不定式;so as+不定式;just+不定式等),也可以做结果状语,而分词则不能。
现在分词可以做伴随状语(或表示连续性动作。),不定式却无此功能。
1.1目的状语
例:(2005.福建卷)—Can the project be finished as planned?
—Sure,______ it completed in time ,we’ll work two more hours a day.
A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get
答案B。此句表示我们每天将多工作两个小时,目的是为了及时完成那项工程。分词不表示目的,故用不定式。
例:(2005.辽宁卷)—All these gifts must be mailed immediately______ in time for Christmas.
A. in order to have received B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving
答案C。所有这些礼物必须马上被送走,目的是为了及时被收到过圣诞节。此题设计了动词不定式的四种形式。用一般被动式表示未来的被动动作。
例:(2005.上海卷)—It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____ a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
答案C。从“unbelievable”可知球迷在体育馆外等了三小时,只是为了看看运动明星,故不定式做目的状语。
1.2 结果状语(only+不定式表示令人失望的结果)
例:(2005.广东卷)—He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
答案A。句意为:他匆忙到达车站,未能赶上火车而感到失望。所以选不定式的一般式。
1.3 伴随状语
例 1.(2005.重庆卷)Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together,_____ fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
答案D。根据句意可知,取乐是“只要我们在一起”所伴随的动作。故用分词。
例 2. (2006湖北卷) Don’t sit there _________ nothing. Come and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
答案C。此句中doing作sit的伴随状语。
1.4连续动作
例:(2005.全国卷)—“You can’t catch me !” — Jannet shouted,______ away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
答案B。根据题意知Jannet喊了“你抓不住我!”后跑了,喊、跑的动作连续发生。所以选分词。
2. 时间,原因,让步和条件
分词可以作时间状语;原因状语;让步状语;条件状语。
2.1时间状语
例:(2005.全国卷)—The storm left,_____ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
答案D。根据题意得知,暴风雨对此地区造成大量的破坏后离开。造成破坏发生在离开之前,而且暴风雨造成破坏,含有主动意义,所以选分词完成式,作时间状语。
例:(2005.上海)______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
答案A。根据题意可知热线在2000年4月被开通使用,热线是动作的承受者,故用过去分词短语作时间状语相当(=When the hotline was put into use in April 2000,)。
例:______ a bear coming , he fled.
A. Having seen B. Seen C. To see D. Seeing
答案D。用现在分词一般式,作状语,相当(=When he saw a bear coming,)。
例:(2005.湖南卷)______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
答案A。此句中Dressed in a white uniform相当 ( = When he is dressed in…)的时间状语从句。用过去分词表状态。
2.2原因或理由
例:_______ my work ,I have nothing to do .
A. To have finished B. To finish
C. Having finished D. Finishing
答案C。此句分词完成式表示原因相当(=As I have finished …)。
2.3让步状语
例:______ what you say ,I can’t still believe it.
A. To admit B. Admitted C. Admitting D. Being admitted
答案C。Admitting what you say = (Though I can admit what you say)
2.4条件状语
例:______ you will find the house you want.
A. To turn to left B. Turning to left
C. Turn to left D. To have turned to left
答案B。此句中分词短语作条件状语相当(=If you turn to left…)
3. 独立句
动词不定式独立成分是用来强调自己所说内容的确切性,而分词独立片语则表示说话者所持的态度及看法。
3.1不定式独立式
例:______ , I don’t know.
A. To tell the truth B. To have told the truth
C. Being told the truth D. Having told the truth
答案A。此句相当(=In order to tell the truth that I don’t know I…)。
3.2分词独立片语
例:(2005.全国卷)______ , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally
答案C。此句中用副词修饰分词,意为“一般的说来”,相当(=If I speak generally…)。
通过对动词不定式与分词作状语的功能辨析,要高度地重视目的、结果、时间、伴随(或连续)、条件、让步、原因(或理由)、及独立等状语的特点,弄清二者之间作状语的差异。
㈧ 动词不定式作状语有哪些规则
不定式短语作状语,表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。
(1)目的状语
常用结构为to do , only to do(仅仅为了), in order to do,so as to do,so(such)… as to…(如此…以便…)。例如:
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。
(2)作结果状语,可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。
I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间,没发现什么。
(3)表原因
I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。
(4)表示理由和条件
He must be a fool to say so.
You will do well to speak more carefully.
(8)她看电影去了哪个词是不定式作状语扩展阅读:
一、动词不定式
在英语语法中,动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。
然而在一些语言里(例如葡萄牙语),存在受时态、人称和数量影响的不定式形态。亦有些语言完全没有不定式,例如阿拉伯语、保加利亚语和现代希腊语。
在英语学习的课程中,动词不定式的一般现在时被称作“词典用词”,因为它一般被用作词典中该动词的词头。
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性。
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者(动词的使用者)发出。这一使动者(动词的使用者)我们称之为逻辑主语。
二、形式
1) 现在式:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。一般为:动词+ to do something
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再见到你。
2) 完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3)进行式:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
4)完成进行式:
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
一般在表示情绪的动词后加to do也表将来